Labor Turnover during COVID-19 in Bali: Why Did It Happen and What Factors Influenced It?
Abstract
The province of Bali, whose economy is based on tourism, was hit hard by the COVID-19 outbreak. The percentage of workers affected by COVID-19 in Bali was the highest in Indonesia in August 2020. This study examines labor turnover in Bali during the COVID-19 pandemic, including job changes and the transition from working to not working. The multinomial logistic regression model is used to determine the characteristics that influence labor turnover. The regression model was processed using STATA 13. This investigation used 2,665 Susenas panel data before and during the pandemic. Qualitative data collection using in-depth interviews was carried out to determine the reasons for not working anymore and changing jobs. This study found that between March and September 2020, 34.95% of the labor force changed jobs. At the time of the pandemic in September 2020, more urban residents lost their jobs, men changed jobs more than women, young workers (30-55 years) changed jobs more than older workers (over 55 years), and workers who graduated from junior high and high school on the same level were more likely to change jobs than diploma or university graduates. The in-depth interviews indicated that labor turnover was compelled by being laid off, losing much income, or closing the business.
Keywords: tourism, job loss, labor force, shifting jobs, multinomial logistic regression.
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